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... consumption of red meat, especially processed red meats, may lead to increased risks of type 2 diabetes, says new research ... a daily 100-gram serving of unprocessed red meat may increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes by 19%, while just 50 grams of processed red meat – for example one hot dog, a sausage, or two slices of bacon – is associated with a 51% increased risk of diabetes, according to research from the harvard school of public health ... “clearly, the results from this study have huge public health implications given the rising type 2 diabetes epidemic and increasing consumption of red meats worldwide,” said frank hu, professor of nutrition and epidemiology at harvard ... study details writing in the american journal of clinical nutrition, pan and colleagues conducted an updated meta-analysis, combining data from their new study with data from existing studies that included a total of 442,101 participants ... after adjusting for age, body mass index (bmi), and other lifestyle and dietary risk factors, the researchers found that a daily 100-gram serving of unprocessed red meat was associated with a 19% increased risk of type 2 diabetes, whilst processed red meats were found to raise the risk by 51%

... sea salt contains trace levels of several important minerals while cargill always made it clear to customers that sea salt did not contain less sodium than table salt, gram for gram, many consumers were still laboring under the misconception that it did, the firm’s marketing manager for salt, john franklin told foodnavigator-usa ... " 61 percent of consumers think sea salt is lower in sodium, his comments follow a recent survey by the american heart association revealing that 61 percent of us consumers agreed that sea salt represented a “low-sodium alternative" to table salt (which is mined from underground salt deposits, processed to eliminate minerals and usually contains anti-caking agents) ... while some suppliers argued that the intense flavor of sea salt meant manufacturers could use a little less – thereby reducing sodium – this was not necessarily the case, said franklin ... ” the wholegrain of salts? sea salt naturally contained beneficial minerals that were stripped out of table salt such as magnesium, calcium and potassium, but its biggest usp was its unprocessed image, said franklin ... it’s seen as the wholegrain of salts ... ” consumer education dr rachel johnson, professor of nutrition at the university of vermont in burlington, said: “sea salt and regular table salt contain about the same amount of sodium chloride ... regardless of which you prefer, high intakes of sodium increase your risk of high blood pressure

... a new study from the harvard school of public health has found that small changes in diet, lifestyle and sleep patterns are strongly linked with long term weight gain, with humble potato the single biggest offender ... where previous studies have examined patterns of weight loss, the harvard study examined factors in weight gain, finding changes in diet to have the biggest association with gaining weight ... because the weight gain is so gradual and occurs over many years, it has been difficult for scientists and for individuals themselves to understand the specific factors that may be responsible,” said lead author dariush mozaffarian, associate professor in the department of epidemiology at hsph and division of cardiovascular medicine, brigham and women’s hospital (bwh), and harvard medical school ... one extra daily serve of potato chips alone was associated with as much as an extra 0 ... 69lb) every four years, and one extra serve of potatoes in other forms, just over half a kilogram ... the research was conducted as part of the nurses’ health study (nhs), the nurses’ health study ii (nhs ii), and the health professionals follow-up study (hpfs), evaluating changes in lifestyle factors and weight gain every four years in just under 100,000 women and 22,500 men in the us ... study participants gained an average of 1 ... 35 lb) during each four-year period, which corresponded to a weight gain of 7 ... “these findings underscore the importance of making wise food choices in preventing weight gain and obesity,” said frank hu, professor of nutrition and epidemiology at hsph and senior author of the paper ... a handful of the right lifestyle changes will go a long way ... ” the full results of the study are published in the june 23, 2011 issue of the new england journal of medicine

... people with high levels of the amino acid cysteine have been found to carry between six and ten kilograms more fat than those with lower levels ... now a team of researchers are studying the phenomenon ... “there is a very high correlation between high levels of cysteine and obesity,” explained helga refsum, professor of nutrition at the university of oslo ... refsum and her team will now perform a comprehensive study, funded under the research council of norway’s funding scheme for independent basic research (fripro) ... however it is, as yet, unknown whether much of the body’s fat due to a high cysteine level, and if so, what the mechanisms behind the connection are ... “we particularly want to find out if cysteine is associated with obesity-related morbidity – the myriad of diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and certain types of cancer that are associated with obesity ... from a public health perspective, it is this aspect of obesity we need to worry about,” he explained ... genetic link “we know there is a strong genetic component to the body’s weight and fat content,” said professor refsum, who pointed out that between 50 and 80 per cent of body weight is due to genetic factors

... strategies to reduce sodium in populations should “force industry compliance” through government regulations and laws, according to an editorial in nutrition ... “the authors of canada’s “sodium reduction strategy” appear to believe that a strategy – voluntary action by industry – that achieved a 10 per cent decrease in sodium in the united kingdom in 7 years can somehow produce a 32 per cent decrease in canada in 6 years,” said dr norman j ... temple, professor of nutrition at athabasca university, the author of the editorial ... although prof temple focuses on the example of the canadian sodium reduction scheme in his editorial, he says that forced compliance through government regulations are the only effective way to reduce sodium levels, are “equally valid” for other countries ... “a brief examination of such campaigns shows that the former approach achieves far greater success than the latter ... this is, of course, to be expected,” he said ... he cites the specific examples of lead reduction in the u ... “the problem of lead pollution is an excellent illustration of what can be achieved by a regulatory approach ... in the 1970s regulations implemented by the american government mandated major decreases or removal of lead from various products, such as gasoline, paint, and water … this policy achieved great success: from the late 1970s to the early 1990s, the blood lead level of the average american child decreased by more than 75 per cent,” said temple ... a similar example is provided in the case of trans-fatty acids in foods in denmark: “the country passed laws that resulted, over the previous decade, in the virtual elimination of these fats from food sold in denmark,” he argued ... industry difficulties the food industry has repeatedly drawn attention to the technical difficulties associated with reducing salt levels in foods, where issues do not just relate to taste, but to functional properties of salts in foods such its texture or acting as a preservative

... “the authors of canada’s “sodium reduction strategy” appear to believe that a strategy – voluntary action by industry – that achieved a 10 per cent decrease in sodium in the united kingdom in 7 years can somehow produce a 32 per cent decrease in canada in 6 years,” said dr norman j ... temple, professor of nutrition at athabasca university, the author of the editorial ... although prof temple focuses on the example of the canadian sodium reduction scheme in his editorial, he says that forced compliance through government regulations are the only effective way to reduce sodium levels, are “equally valid” for other countries ... “a brief examination of such campaigns shows that the former approach achieves far greater success than the latter ... this is, of course, to be expected,” he said ... he cites the specific examples of lead reduction in the u ... “the problem of lead pollution is an excellent illustration of what can be achieved by a regulatory approach ... in the 1970s regulations implemented by the american government mandated major decreases or removal of lead from various products, such as gasoline, paint, and water … this policy achieved great success: from the late 1970s to the early 1990s, the blood lead level of the average american child decreased by more than 75 per cent,” said temple ... a similar example is provided in the case of trans-fatty acids in foods in denmark: “the country passed laws that resulted, over the previous decade, in the virtual elimination of these fats from food sold in denmark,” he argued

... a protein which may protect against saturated fat induced inflammation has been identified by a team of dutch scientists ... the study, published in cell metabolism, found that angiopoietin-like protein 4 (angptl4) plays an important role in protection from inflammation induced by high intakes of saturated fat ... “angptl4 is a key player in the protection against the severe pro-inflammatory effects of dietary saturated fat,” concluded the researchers, led by senior author sander kersten, associate professor of nutrition, metabolism and genomics at wageningen university ... “in mice without this protein that ate a lot of saturated fat, the lymph nodes blew up to extreme levels," said kersten ... ” saturated fat high intakes of dietary saturated fat have been linked to numerous chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes ... normally, dietary fats are broken down into fatty acids which are released into the circulation after passing through the lymphatic system of the intestine ... the researchers discovered that in the absence of angptl4, macrophages in the abdomen began to take up saturated fat, leading to a powerful inflammatory response

... an independent study by the harvart school of public health has found a clear link between the consumption of soft drink, and type ii diabetes and metabolic syndrome ... while type ii diabetes has long been associated with poor diet and high sugar intake, the study suggests that as little as one to two sugary drinks per day can increase the risk of type ii diabetes by 26% ... “many previous studies have examined the relationship between sugar-sweetened beverages and risk of diabetes, and most have found positive associations, but our study, which is a pooled analysis of the available studies, provides an overall picture of the magnitude of risk and the consistency of the evidence,” said lead author vasanti malik, a research fellow in the hsph department of nutrition ... consumption of sugary drinks, mostly soft drinks, has increased substantially around the world, and studies have shown consistent associations with weight gain and risk of obesity ... the researchers, led by malik and senior author frank hu, professor of nutrition and epidemiology at hsph, did a meta-analysis that pooled 11 studies that examined the association between sugar-sweetened beverages and those conditions ... the studies included more than 300,000 participants and 15,043 cases of type 2 diabetes and 19,431 participants and 5,803 cases of metabolic syndrome ... metabolic syndrome is a group of risk factors, such as high blood pressure and excess body fat around the waist, that increase the risk of coronary artery disease, stroke and diabetes ... “people should limit how much sugar-sweetened beverages they drink and replace them with healthy alternatives, such as water, to reduce risk of diabetes as well as obesity, gout, tooth decay, and cardiovascular disease,” said malik ... the results of the study will be published in the november issue of the journal diabetes care

... a study of twins has shown that men eating a mediterranean-style diet had lower risk factors for coronary artery disease, even after accounting for genetic risks ... , study author and assistant professor of nutrition and epidemiology at indiana university in bloomington ... but until now, the way the diet helps reduce the risk of coronary disease remained unknown

... so why did the american heart association issue a new scientific statement on "dietary sugars intake and cardiovascular health?" linda van horn is professor of preventive medicine at northwestern university feinberg school of medicine in chicago ... she chairs the american heart association's nutrition committee, and states, "we know that sugars contribute to obesity, which increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes ... " great concern over excessive sugar consumption and the "worldwide pandemic of obesity and cardiovascular disease," led to the association's issuance of a new statement ... added sugars are an integral part of the american diet today ... the heart association's new recommendations are 100 calories a day (about 6 1/2 level teaspoons) of added sugars for women and 150 calories (9+ level teaspoons) for menadded sugars include high fructose corn syrup, table sugar, honey, syrups, and all other sweeteners with calories ... high fructose corn syrup (hfcs) has been demonized as the villain of added sugars ... , is a research professor at the cancer research center of hawaii, university of hawaii ... she summarized the results of a conference held in march 2008 by the u ... department of agriculture, agricultural research service and the international life sciences institute of north america ... " "added sugars are added sugars," adds rachel johnson, a professor of nutrition at the university of vermont, who chaired the heart association's new regulations ... university of california davis found very different health results, though, in their participants when they compared glucose and fructose consumption ... for 12 weeks, thirty two overweight or obese people drank either a fructose- or glucose-sweetened beverage that made up 25 percent of their daily calories ... both groups gained a similar amount of weight ... however, those drinking the fructose beverage had health problems that were not experienced by the other group- including:- an increase in visceral fat; the kind that lodges between tissues in organs- less sensitivity to insulin; one of the first signs of diabetes- increased fat production in the liver- elevated ldl (bad) cholesterol- increased levels of triglycerides; can increase heart attack riskmany experts believe that hfcs, particularly in soft drinks, is partly responsible for the obesity epidemic in america